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1993-05-06
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You can get part of the following documentation by invoking the program with
the switches -v, -h, or -H . See README.TXT for more information.
----------------------------------- -v ------------------------------------
L v1.1 -- Display information about files and directories
Copr (c) 1988-1993 Albert Ramm & Richard Breuer. L is freeware. No warranties.
This is L/2 v1.1 - renamed to L (from RUTILS 4).
Layout and portions of the code:
Albert Ramm
Konrad-Adenauer-Strasse 77
5190 Stolberg/Büsbach
Germany, Europe
Phone: +49/2402/91054
Re-Implementation and enhancements:
Richard Breuer
Brunssumstrasse 6
5100 Aachen
(after Jul 1, 1993: 52074 Aachen)
Germany, Europe
Phone: +49/241/85605
Fax: +49/241/8021329
Email: ricki@pool.informatik.rwth-aachen.de (Preferred!)
----------------------------------- -h ------------------------------------
L v1.1 -- Display information about files and directories
Copr (c) 1988-1993 Albert Ramm & Richard Breuer. L is freeware. No warranties.
Usage:
L [-12458adefhHkKmnp:rRsuxvV] directory.. filename.. [{>|>>} outfile]
Options (default is L -kn):
-5,-1,-2,-4,-8 Round file sizes by 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, or 8192 bytes
-d,-e,-n,-s,-u Sort by date, extension, name (default), size, or nothing
-a Additionally mark files whose attribute flag is set
-f Display full information (with size, date, and time)
-h Display this help screen
-H Display another help screen with notes and examples
-k,-K Use kB (1000 bytes, default) or KB (1024 bytes) to calculate
-m Merge files and directory names (default is: dirs first)
-p[wid] Force plain text output which can be piped to other programs
(wid is an optional output width, default is wid=79)
-R Recursivly scan subdirectories and calculate their size
-r Reverse the sorting order
-v Display version info
-V Display hidden files
-x Highlight EXE, COM, BAT, and BTM files (VERY USEFUL)
----------------------------------- -H ------------------------------------
L v1.1 -- Display information about files and directories
Copr (c) 1988-1993 Albert Ramm & Richard Breuer. L is freeware. No warranties.
Notes:
L is a replacement for DOS's DIR command. It is designed to present
a directory in a much better readable way than DIR. L writes directly
to the screen, therefore you _might_ have problems with your display. I
will not work on this until someone actually reports problems.
Examples:
L
Display the current directory, as DIR.
L -x
Highlights (one a color display) the executable files.
L C:\ D:\ -V
Display the files in C:\*.* and D:\*.* together, showing hidden files.
L C:\ -R
Calculate the overall disk storage used on drive C:.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
L is derived from the program D.EXE which I used for several years. It has
been written by Albert Ramm, a long time friend of mine. I recently managed
to convince him that the public (you!) might be interested in his program.
He gave me (part of) his source code, and I used it to re-implement most of
the code using my basic layer. I enhanced the program in several parts, as
there are
- full support for any display mode, including 80x25, 80x43,
80x60, 100x60, 132x25, 132x28, 132x48 (these are the modes my
graphics card supports, but L should work with ANY possible
mode, as long as there are more than 3 lines and more than
18 columns)
- L displays the Volume ID
- you can use 1000 or 1024 as the base for the calculation of
file sizes
- you can specify more than one directory to be displayed. All
files will be collected, sorted, and displayed as if they were
in one directory
- the -r switch reverses the sorting order
- the -m switch merges files and directories
- L detects output redirection and switches to ASCII mode, if it
is used; the -p switch forces this behaviour
Examples:
Consider a directory C:\FOO which contains the following files:
dSUBFOO·· ··· 02/11/93 13:41:10 a subdirectory
L······· PAS 21448 02/10/93 22:17:56
T······· PAS 6 02/11/93 13:25:40
rMCOL···· PAS 7270 02/10/93 16:09:18 read-only attribute
STRINGS2 PAS 7384 02/10/93 16:09:22
TEE····· PAS 4914 02/10/93 16:09:22
WC······ PAS 5536 02/10/93 16:09:30
sNC······ PAS 8416 02/10/93 16:09:18 system attribute
hNODUP··· PAS 4185 02/10/93 16:09:20 hidden attribute
KEYFAKE· COM 536 09/17/85 12:07:52
CB······ BAT 409 01/24/93 21:06:00
and the subdirectory SUBFOO shall contain these files:
MCOL···· H1· 1049 01/09/93 12:30:58
NC······ H1· 1171 01/08/93 22:17:50
NODUP··· H1· 630 01/08/93 22:18:00
L······· H1· 970 02/06/93 13:20:06
STRINGS2 H1· 897 01/25/93 14:15:38
TEE····· H1· 553 01/08/93 22:16:38
WC······ H1· 854 01/08/93 22:18:32
Invoking L without arguments displays:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Directory of C:\FOO\*.* 9605 kB free
9 Files with a total of 55 kB disk space HARDDISK1··
dSUBFOO·· ··· L······· PAS 21 STRINGS2 PAS 7 WC······ PAS 5
CB······ BAT .409 rMCOL···· PAS 7 TEE····· PAS 4
KEYFAKE· COM .536 sNC······ PAS 8 T······· PAS .006
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Let's discuss the information:
Line #1 contains the name(s) of the displayed directories and the amount
of free disk space. You may specify more than one directory when
you invoke L. In this case the files and subdirectories are
collected and displayed as if they were in one directory. The
free disk space is displayed only, if all the directories which
are displayed are on the same drive (which is of course true if
only one is listed - the normal case)
Line #2 gives information about how many files were collected and how
much space they consume. The latter number is divided by 1000,
therefore a 0 is displayed if the sum is less than 1000 bytes.
Note than the -K switch makes L use 1024 as its calculation
base. At the end of Line #2 the volume label is displayed. If
the drive has no label, [no vlabel] is displayed. If the command
line contains more than one directory from different drives,
[multi drv] is displayed.
Lines #3 ff contain the directory & file list. Directories are always
displayed before the files, nomatter which sorting order is
chosen (Only the -m switch can merge files and directories
together). They are preceded by "d" to mark them as directories.
Normally (unless the -R switch is specified), directory names
are followed by a blank field, while files are followed by
their size. The size is displayed as follows:
.xxx if the size is less than 1000 (for -K: 1024
with the special case of 1000<=size<1024,